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31.
The suitability of owl monkeys as experimental models to study the cellular immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was examined. Seronegative owl monkeys inoculated intranasally with RSV shed large quantities of virus and developed clinically evident upper respiratory disease. RSV infected monkeys had significant lymphoproliferative responses to RSV antigen by 4 weeks post-infection. In contrast, no positive blastogenic responses were elicited during the acute phase of illness. An in vitro 51Cr release assay was developed to study owl monkey antibody-dependent cellular cytoxicity (ADCC) against RSV infected Hep-2 cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from owl monkeys in the presence of RSV specific antibody caused lysis of RSV infected target cells. The effector cell for ADCC was found to be non-adherent to plastic. The owl monkey RSV ADCC system was found to closely parallel RSV specific ADCC observed with human effector cells. In addition, it was found that heterologous matches of human effector cells with monkey sera and monkey effector cells with human sera were equally efficient in mediating RSV specific ADCC. These studies demonstrate the value of the owl monkey as a model to study the pathogenesis or RSV infections. 相似文献
32.
33.
Tyrer P Thompson S Schmidt U Jones V Knapp M Davidson K Catalan J Airlie J Baxter S Byford S Byrne G Cameron S Caplan R Cooper S Ferguson B Freeman C Frost S Godley J Greenshields J Henderson J Holden N Keech P Kim L Logan K Manley C MacLeod A Murphy R Patience L Ramsay L De Munroz S Scott J Seivewright H Sivakumar K Tata P Thornton S Ukoumunne OC Wessely S 《Psychological medicine》2003,33(6):969-976
BACKGROUND: We carried out a large randomized trial of a brief form of cognitive therapy, manual-assisted cognitive behaviour therapy (MACT) versus treatment as usual (TAU) for deliberate self-harm. METHOD: Patients presenting with recurrent deliberate self-harm in five centres were randomized to either MACT or (TAU) and followed up over 1 year. MACT patients received a booklet based on cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) principles and were offered up to five plus two booster sessions of CBT from a therapist in the first 3 months of the study. Ratings of parasuicide risk, anxiety, depression, social functioning and global function, positive and negative thinking, and quality of life were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty patients were randomized. Sixty per cent of the MACT group had both the booklet and CBT sessions. There were seven suicides, five in the TAU group. The main outcome measure, the proportion of those repeating deliberate self-harm in the 12 months of the study, showed no significant difference between those treated with MACT (39%) and treatment as usual (46%) (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.14, P=0.20). CONCLUSION: Brief cognitive behaviour therapy is of limited efficacy in reducing self-harm repetition, but the findings taken in conjunctin with the economic evaluation (Byford et al. 2003) indicate superiority of MACT over TAU in terms of cost and effectiveness combined. 相似文献
34.
Zelinski-Wooten MB; Slayden OD; Chwalisz K; Hess DL; Brenner RM; Stouffer RL 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(2):259-267
Large doses of antiprogestin typically disrupt menstrual cyclicity. A
chronic low-dose regimen of the potent new antiprogestin ZK 137 316, which
permits continued menstrual cyclicity but alters gonadal- reproductive
tract activity, was established. Rhesus monkeys received vehicle (n = 6) or
0.01 (n = 8), 0.03 (n = 8) or 0.1 (n = 5) mg ZK 137 316/kg body weight
daily for five menstrual cycles (C-1 to C-5). Oestradiol, progesterone and
gonadotrophin profiles were normal during cycles involving vehicle and 0.01
and 0.03 mg ZK 137 316/kg body weight. In the 0.1 mg/kg group, mid-cycle
oestradiol and gonadotrophin surges, and subsequent progesterone
production, were absent in C-3 and C-5. Ovarian cyclicity was accompanied
by timely menstruation in the vehicle and 0.01 mg/kg groups. By C-3, half
the animals in the 0.03 mg/kg group and all animals in the 0.1 mg/kg group
were amenorrhoeic. A corpus luteum was noted during the mid-luteal phase of
C-5 in the vehicle, 0.01 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg groups. Large antral and
cystic follicles were evident in the 0.1 mg/kg group. Thus, a daily
treatment with 0.01 mg/kg ZK 136317 permitted normal menstrual cyclicity in
macaques. While the daily administration of 0.03 mg/kg ZK 136 317 allowed
ovarian cyclicity, menstruation was disrupted in some animals. Increasing
the dose to 0.1 mg/kg antagonized pituitary function and resulted in
anovulation and amenorrhoea. A chronic low-dose regimen of the
antiprogestin ZK 137 316, which permits normal ovarian/menstrual cyclicity,
has potential as a contraceptive in women.
相似文献
35.
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist dose-dependency of pituitary desensitization during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in IVF 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
Janssens RM; Vermeiden JP; Lambalk CB; Schats R; Schoemaker J 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(9):2386-2391
The aim of this study was to find the minimal effective daily s.c. dose of
the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, triptorelin acetate,
that suppresses the GnRH-induced release of luteinizing hormone (LH) at
time of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injection and thereby prevents
spontaneous LH surges during in-vitro fertilization (IVF) stimulation
cycles. Therefore, a double-blind, prospective and randomized titration
study was performed. A total of 48 IVF patients were divided into four
groups of 12 patients. Each group received a different dose of triptorelin
acetate, namely 5, 15, 50 or 100 microg s.c. daily. Standard ovarian
stimulation was carried out using urinary follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH) preparations. A 500 microg GnRH test was performed 90 min before the
HCG injection in order to measure the degree of pituitary desensitization.
Spontaneous LH surges were not detected in any of the groups, although
three patients in the 5 microg group had ovulated at the time of ovum
retrieval. The pituitary LH response to the GnRH test at time of HCG,
expressed as area under the curve (AUC), appeared to be dose-dependent.
Thus, a daily s.c. dose of 100 microg triptorelin acetate appears to be too
high, since adequate desensitization of the pituitary (i.e. no spontaneous
LH surge) can be achieved with doses as low as 15 and 50 microg.
相似文献
36.
B lymphocytes secreting IgG linked to latent transforming growth factor- beta prevent primary cytolytic T lymphocyte responses 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
B lymphocytes secreting IgG linked to latent transforming growth factor
(TGF)-beta (IgG-TGF-beta) prevent cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to
unrelated antigens in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) so long as resting
resident macrophages and functional Fc receptors are present. This was
shown using IgG-secreting plaque-forming cells (PFC) to sheep erythrocytes
(SRBC) obtained from popliteal lymph nodes of mice injected repeatedly in
foot pads with SRBC. Remarkably, as few as approximately 300 PFC prevented
CTL responses of 5 x 10(5) normal syngeneic spleen cells in MLC.
Supranatants of short-term cultures of PFC also prevented CTL responses,
and suppression was prevented by eliminating or dissociating IgG and
TGF-beta present in supranatants or by antibody against active TGF-beta.
Furthermore, the latency- associated peptide of latent TGF-beta was
detected in approximately 10% of foci of IgG captured from single PFC,
indicating that at least some B lymphocytes secrete IgG-TGF-beta as a
complex. Resting resident macrophages (which do not produce latent
TGF-beta) and functional Fc receptors were required for suppression,
consistent with idea that IgG- TGF-beta is taken up through Fc receptors
for IgG and that active TGF- beta, cleaved from latent TGF-beta of the
complex, is delivered directly to potentially responding CTL. If CTL
responses in man are similarly regulated by B lymphocytes, then an ongoing
B cell response in patients with chronic viral infections or bearing
immunogenic cancers may prevent effective therapeutic vaccination.
相似文献
37.
38.
Eight-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer 总被引:52,自引:0,他引:52
B Fisher C Redmond R Poisson R Margolese N Wolmark L Wickerham E Fisher M Deutsch R Caplan Y Pilch 《The New England journal of medicine》1989,320(13):822-828
In 1985 we presented results of a randomized trial involving 1843 women followed for five years that indicated that segmental breast resection (lumpectomy) followed by breast irradiation is appropriate therapy for patients with Stage I or II breast cancer (tumor size, less than or equal to 4 cm), provided that the margins of the resected specimens are free of tumor. Women with positive axillary nodes received adjuvant chemotherapy. Lumpectomy followed by irradiation resulted in a five-year survival rate of 85 percent, as compared with 76 percent for total mastectomy, a rate of survival free of distant disease of 76 percent, as compared with 72 percent, and a disease-free survival rate of 72 percent, as compared with 66 percent. In the current study, we have extended our observations through eight years of follow-up. Ninety percent of the women treated with breast irradiation after lumpectomy remained free of ipsilateral breast tumor, as compared with 61 percent of those not treated with irradiation after lumpectomy (P less than 0.001). Among patients with positive axillary nodes, only 6 percent of those treated with radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy had a recurrence of tumor in the ipsilateral breast. Lumpectomy with or without irradiation of the breast resulted in rates of disease-free survival (58 +/- 2.6 percent), distant-disease-free survival (65 +/- 2.6 percent), and overall survival (71 +/- 2.6 percent) that were not significantly different from those observed after total mastectomy (54 +/- 2.4 percent, 62 +/- 2.3 percent, and 71 +/- 2.4 percent, respectively). There was no significant difference in the rates of distant-disease-free survival (P = 0.2) or survival (P = 0.3) among the women who underwent lumpectomy (with or without irradiation), despite the greater incidence of recurrence of tumor in the ipsilateral breast in those who received no radiation. We conclude that our observations through eight years are consistent with the findings at five years and that these new findings continue to support the use of lumpectomy in patients with Stage I or II breast cancer. We also conclude that irradiation reduces the probability of local recurrence of tumor in patients treated with lumpectomy. 相似文献
39.
Urinary retention probably secondary to herpes genitalis. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
40.
Follicular density in ovarian biopsy of infertile women: a novel method to assess ovarian reserve 总被引:4,自引:15,他引:4
Lass A; Silye R; Abrams DC; Krausz T; Hovatta O; Margara R; Winston RM 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(5):1028-1031
The ageing ovary appears to be characterized by depletion of primordial
follicles. The relationship between infertility and the number of follicles
in the ovarian cortex is not known. Moreover, there are no accurate markers
or clinical methods to predict the decline in ovarian reserve. This study
investigates the correlation between early follicular follicle stimulating
hormone, ovarian size and follicular density in 60 infertile women aged
19-45 years (mean = 34.4 +/- 5.5). An ovarian biopsy was taken from each
patient while performing diagnostic laparoscopy (n = 28) or laparotomy for
tubal surgery or myomectomy (n = 32). The median number of follicles was
similar in tubal and unexplained infertility patients (9.5 versus 5.5).
Increasing age showed a significant negative correlation with follicular
density and ovarian volume (r = -0.46, P = 0.0003;. r = -0.43, P = 0.0016,
respectively). In women > or = 35 years of age the ovarian volume showed
a strong correlation with follicular density (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001). Our
results indicate that infertile women in their late thirties and over have
a decreased ovarian reserve which could possibly be predicted by ovarian
volume measurement. Ovarian biopsy may have a place as part of infertility
evaluation in older women.
相似文献